Sports broadcasts, being highly visual, present significant accessibility barriers for blind and low-vision (BLV) individuals, limiting their participation and social inclusion. Traditional audio description often lacks the detail and immediacy needed for fast-paced live sports. This systematic review identifies and synthesizes empirical evidence on assistive technologies and audio description methods aimed at improving sports broadcast accessibility for BLV viewers. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 13 studies published between 2018 and 2025, examining technologies such as spatial audio, haptics, tactile displays, and automation driven by artificial intelligence (AI) using computer vision (CV). Findings indicate these technologies show potential in enhancing user comprehension of gameplay, immersion, and social participation, particularly by conveying crucial spatial and dynamic information. While AI-powered automation offers scalability, challenges remain in achieving real-time robustness, semantic depth in descriptions, and practical implementation. The review discusses methodological approaches, highlights strengths and weaknesses, and identifies key research gaps, proposing future work focused on advancing AI, refining non-visual rendering, and addressing the ecosystem for truly inclusive sports media experiences.
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